diff --git a/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/potCalculator.js b/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/potCalculator.js
index 7894936..5f73421 100644
--- a/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/potCalculator.js
+++ b/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/potCalculator.js
@@ -24,6 +24,32 @@ const PotCalculator = {
         return entries.filter(e => !e.folded && e.remaining > this.EPSILON);
     },
 
+    // The most this player can be handed if they win the round outright.
+    //
+    // resolveRound caps the pool at the winner's own remaining contribution and then
+    // takes min(remaining, cap) from every entry, dead money included — so the ceiling
+    // is that sum. It is not the player's own contribution, which is what the wizard
+    // used to print beside each name under the words "up to": with three players in
+    // for $250 each the rows all read "up to $250" while the prompt above them said
+    // $765 was in play, and $765 is what the winner was actually paid. A dealer who
+    // trusted the row would have short-paid by two thirds.
+    ceilingFor(entries, id) {
+        const winner = entries.find(e => e.id === id);
+        if (!winner || winner.remaining <= this.EPSILON) return 0;
+        return Money.round(entries.reduce(
+            (sum, e) => sum + Math.min(e.remaining, winner.remaining), 0));
+    },
+
+    // The same number, but only when it is worth saying: a ceiling equal to everything
+    // on the table is the prompt's own figure repeated once per row, which is ink that
+    // carries no data. It appears exactly when somebody is in for less than the rest —
+    // which is the one time a dealer needs to be told, because it is the hand where
+    // picking that winner leaves a side pot still to award.
+    bindingCeilingFor(entries, id) {
+        const ceiling = this.ceilingFor(entries, id);
+        return ceiling < this.totalPot(entries) - this.EPSILON ? ceiling : null;
+    },
+
     // Splits the money on the table into the main pot and any side pots, with who can
     // win each. Read-only — this is what a dealer says out loud before the showdown
     // ("main pot four-eighty, side pot ninety between seats 3 and 5"), which is the
diff --git a/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/potWizard.js b/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/potWizard.js
index 27feab9..7200a8e 100644
--- a/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/potWizard.js
+++ b/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/potWizard.js
@@ -218,10 +218,18 @@ const PotWizard = {
             }
             label.appendChild(text);
 
-            const upTo = document.createElement("span");
-            upTo.className = "potWizardChoiceUpTo";
-            upTo.textContent = `up to ${Money.format(c.remaining)}`;
-            label.appendChild(upTo);
+            // What this row costs if it is the one ticked — but only on the rows where
+            // that is less than the figure in the prompt above. On a pot everybody
+            // covered it was the same number three times, and it was the wrong number:
+            // each player's own stake rather than what winning pays them. See
+            // PotCalculator.bindingCeilingFor.
+            const ceiling = PotCalculator.bindingCeilingFor(this.entries, c.id);
+            if (ceiling !== null) {
+                const upTo = document.createElement("span");
+                upTo.className = "potWizardChoiceUpTo";
+                upTo.textContent = `up to ${Money.format(ceiling)}`;
+                label.appendChild(upTo);
+            }
 
             // Cards sit apart from the name rather than inside it, so a dealer reading
             // a row across the table sees the hand, not a sentence.
diff --git a/tests/holdem/payoutCeiling.test.js b/tests/holdem/payoutCeiling.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57d58dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/holdem/payoutCeiling.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+// The number the pot wizard prints beside a name under the words "up to".
+//
+// It was the player's own remaining contribution. That is not what winning pays them,
+// and on the screen that moves the money the gap was large and in the wrong direction:
+// three players in for $250 each showed "up to $250" on all three rows while the prompt
+// directly above said "$765 is in play" — and $765 is what the winner was actually
+// handed. A dealer who trusted the row would have short-paid by two thirds. With a real
+// side pot it was worse in a more confusing way: the breakdown box at the top of the
+// same dialog announced "Main pot $765 · all 3", and Bob's row three lines under it
+// said "up to $250".
+//
+// The ceiling is now what resolveRound will actually pay, and the test that matters is
+// that it stays that: every case below checks the label against the function that moves
+// the chips rather than against a number written out by hand.
+//
+// It is also printed only where it binds. A ceiling equal to everything on the table is
+// the prompt's own figure repeated once per row — redundant data-ink, in Tufte's sense
+// — and the rows it does appear on are exactly the hands where picking that winner
+// leaves a side pot still to award, which is the one time a dealer needs telling.
+const { test, describe } = require("node:test");
+const assert = require("node:assert/strict");
+const fs = require("fs");
+const path = require("path");
+const { PotCalculator, Money } = require("./load");
+
+const p = (id, contribution, folded = false) => ({ id, contribution, folded });
+const entriesOf = (...players) => PotCalculator.buildEntries(players);
+
+// What the wizard would hand this player if their row were the one ticked.
+const paysOut = (entries, id) => PotCalculator.resolveRound(entries, [id]).payoutPool;
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe("what a row promises is what the round pays", () => {
+    test("a pot everybody covered pays the whole thing, dead blinds included", () => {
+        // Three in for $250, two blinds folded before the raise.
+        const entries = entriesOf(p("chris", 250), p("bob", 250), p("dee", 250),
+            p("sb", 5, true), p("bb", 10, true));
+        for (const id of ["chris", "bob", "dee"]) {
+            assert.equal(PotCalculator.ceilingFor(entries, id), 765);
+            assert.equal(PotCalculator.ceilingFor(entries, id), paysOut(entries, id));
+        }
+    });
+
+    test("the short all-in's ceiling is the main pot, not their own stake", () => {
+        // Bob is all in for 250; Christopher and Dee go on to 600.
+        const entries = entriesOf(p("chris", 600), p("bob", 250), p("dee", 600),
+            p("sb", 5, true), p("bb", 10, true));
+        assert.equal(PotCalculator.ceilingFor(entries, "bob"), 765);
+        assert.equal(PotCalculator.ceilingFor(entries, "chris"), 1465);
+        assert.equal(PotCalculator.ceilingFor(entries, "dee"), 1465);
+    });
+
+    // The property, over every shape the wizard can reach: a ceiling that disagreed
+    // with the payout would be the same defect again under a different number.
+    test("across every shape of pot, the ceiling is the payout", () => {
+        const shapes = [
+            [p("a", 10), p("b", 10)],
+            [p("a", 10), p("b", 25), p("c", 25)],
+            [p("a", 5), p("b", 50), p("c", 120), p("d", 120)],
+            [p("a", 33.33), p("b", 66.67), p("c", 100)],
+            [p("a", 20), p("b", 20), p("folder", 20, true)],
+            [p("a", 1), p("b", 2), p("c", 3), p("d", 4), p("e", 5)],
+            [p("short", 0.05), p("deep", 1000)],
+        ];
+        shapes.forEach((shape, n) => {
+            const entries = entriesOf(...shape);
+            PotCalculator.getContenders(entries).forEach(c => {
+                assert.equal(PotCalculator.ceilingFor(entries, c.id), paysOut(entries, c.id),
+                    `shape ${n}: ${c.id}`);
+            });
+        });
+    });
+
+    test("a second round asks about what is left, not what was there", () => {
+        const entries = entriesOf(p("chris", 600), p("bob", 250), p("dee", 600));
+        const after = PotCalculator.resolveRound(entries, ["bob"]).updatedEntries;
+        // Bob took $750 of the $1,450; $700 is left between the two deep stacks.
+        assert.equal(PotCalculator.totalPot(after), 700);
+        assert.equal(PotCalculator.ceilingFor(after, "chris"), 700);
+        assert.equal(PotCalculator.ceilingFor(after, "dee"), 700);
+    });
+
+    test("somebody already paid out has nothing left to be owed", () => {
+        const entries = entriesOf(p("a", 100), p("b", 100));
+        const after = PotCalculator.resolveRound(entries, ["a"]).updatedEntries;
+        assert.equal(PotCalculator.ceilingFor(after, "a"), 0);
+    });
+
+    test("a name nobody put chips in for is worth nothing rather than an error", () => {
+        assert.equal(PotCalculator.ceilingFor(entriesOf(p("a", 10)), "ghost"), 0);
+    });
+});
+
+describe("and it is only said where it binds", () => {
+    test("a pot everybody covered says its figure once, in the prompt", () => {
+        const entries = entriesOf(p("chris", 250), p("bob", 250), p("dee", 250),
+            p("sb", 5, true), p("bb", 10, true));
+        ["chris", "bob", "dee"].forEach(id =>
+            assert.equal(PotCalculator.bindingCeilingFor(entries, id), null));
+    });
+
+    test("only the player who is in for less carries a number", () => {
+        const entries = entriesOf(p("chris", 600), p("bob", 250), p("dee", 600),
+            p("sb", 5, true), p("bb", 10, true));
+        assert.equal(PotCalculator.bindingCeilingFor(entries, "bob"), 765);
+        assert.equal(PotCalculator.bindingCeilingFor(entries, "chris"), null);
+        assert.equal(PotCalculator.bindingCeilingFor(entries, "dee"), null);
+    });
+
+    // Two short stacks at different heights: each is capped by the one above, so both
+    // rows have something to say and they do not say the same thing.
+    test("two all-ins at different heights each carry their own", () => {
+        const entries = entriesOf(p("small", 50), p("middle", 120), p("big", 400));
+        assert.equal(PotCalculator.bindingCeilingFor(entries, "small"), 150);
+        assert.equal(PotCalculator.bindingCeilingFor(entries, "middle"), 290);
+        assert.equal(PotCalculator.bindingCeilingFor(entries, "big"), null);
+    });
+
+    test("the deepest player is never the one capped", () => {
+        const entries = entriesOf(p("a", 10), p("b", 50), p("c", 900));
+        assert.equal(PotCalculator.bindingCeilingFor(entries, "c"), null);
+        assert.equal(PotCalculator.ceilingFor(entries, "c"), PotCalculator.totalPot(entries));
+    });
+
+    // Dead money is owed to whoever wins the layer it fell in, so it lifts every
+    // ceiling — including the short stack's, which is the whole reason Bob's row reads
+    // $765 rather than $750.
+    test("a folded player's chips lift the ceilings rather than sitting outside them", () => {
+        const live = entriesOf(p("a", 100), p("b", 100));
+        const withDead = entriesOf(p("a", 100), p("b", 100), p("folder", 40, true));
+        assert.equal(PotCalculator.ceilingFor(live, "a"), 200);
+        assert.equal(PotCalculator.ceilingFor(withDead, "a"), 240);
+    });
+
+    test("money in cents does not drift", () => {
+        const entries = entriesOf(p("a", 0.05), p("b", 0.05), p("c", 0.05));
+        assert.equal(PotCalculator.ceilingFor(entries, "a"), Money.round(0.15));
+    });
+});
+
+describe("the wizard asks the calculator rather than reaching for the stake", () => {
+    const SRC = fs.readFileSync(
+        path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "JoshHeaps.Net", "wwwroot", "js", "casino", "holdem", "potWizard.js"), "utf8");
+
+    test("the row's number comes from bindingCeilingFor", () => {
+        assert.match(SRC, /PotCalculator\.bindingCeilingFor\(this\.entries, c\.id\)/);
+    });
+
+    test("and nothing prints a contender's own stake under those words any more", () => {
+        assert.ok(!/up to \$\{Money\.format\(c\.remaining\)\}/.test(SRC),
+            "the wizard still prints the player's own contribution as their ceiling");
+    });
+});