From 49c2d745ebe6166efbd2a5c48a4fbd40ce371f62 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: JoshHeaps <joheaps98@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 2026 18:49:42 -0600
Subject: [PATCH] Let the keyboard into the sheets, and stop dropping it on the
 floor
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Modal answers one question for all six overlays — where focus goes and how
Tab is held — and this round it was measured as wrong in three directions.

Its list of Tab stops could not see a <summary>. The rulings sheet is twelve
of them and one Done button, so the trap decided Done was both ends of the
ring: eighty Tab presses, one element ever reached, twelve rulings that could
not be opened without a mouse. Adding `details > summary` gives the sheet its
thirteen stops back. `:not([tabindex="-1"])` moves onto every line while it is
open, because a control taken out of the Tab order still matches `button`.

"The first control" was the card picker's Clear: the sheet a dealer opens to
write a card down opened on the button that rubs one out. A sheet names its
own landing spot now, and on five of six it is the heading — which says which
seat, which card, which pot. The confirm dialog keeps a control, because a
short question with one irreversible answer should land on the answer that
leaves the dealer no worse off.

And a sheet that redraws itself was deleting the control that held focus.
Choosing a buy-in, picking a card, switching slots, confirming a side pot —
all four left focus on the document body. Rebuilt controls carry a name now
and are handed back to whoever had them; where there is no coming back, the
caller says where to go instead.

The card grid was fifty-two Tab stops of the fifty-six in that sheet. It is
one now, with the arrows moving inside it, stepping over cards already dealt
and stopping at the edges rather than wrapping onto a different rank.

1136 tests, 418 audits clean.
---
 JoshHeaps.Net/Pages/Casino/TexasHoldem.cshtml |  38 +-
 JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/css/casino/holdem.css   |  21 +-
 .../wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/addChips.js      |  11 +
 .../wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/cardPicker.js    | 146 +++++--
 .../wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/modal.js         |  88 ++++-
 .../wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/potWizard.js     |  18 +
 .../wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/seatMenu.js      |  12 +
 tests/holdem/load.js                          |   6 +
 tests/holdem/theKeyboardInASheet.test.js      | 374 ++++++++++++++++++
 9 files changed, 662 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/holdem/theKeyboardInASheet.test.js

diff --git a/JoshHeaps.Net/Pages/Casino/TexasHoldem.cshtml b/JoshHeaps.Net/Pages/Casino/TexasHoldem.cshtml
index 896ee76..e522916 100644
--- a/JoshHeaps.Net/Pages/Casino/TexasHoldem.cshtml
+++ b/JoshHeaps.Net/Pages/Casino/TexasHoldem.cshtml
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@
     <div id="addChipsSheet" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="addChipsTitle">
         <div class="seatSheetGrip" aria-hidden="true"></div>
         <div class="addChipsHeader">
-            <h2 id="addChipsTitle"></h2>
+            <h2 id="addChipsTitle" tabindex="-1" data-modal-focus></h2>
             <span id="addChipsSubtitle"></span>
         </div>
         <div id="addChipsQuick"></div>
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@
     <div id="rulingsSheet" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="rulingsTitle">
         <div class="seatSheetGrip" aria-hidden="true"></div>
         <div class="rulingsHeader">
-            <h2 id="rulingsTitle">Common rulings</h2>
+            <h2 id="rulingsTitle" tabindex="-1" data-modal-focus>Common rulings</h2>
             <button id="closeRulingsBtn" data-modal-close class="holdemBtn holdemBtnSmall holdemBtnGhost" type="button">Done</button>
         </div>
 
@@ -696,15 +696,20 @@
            earns its place twice over here: this sheet is the one that can outgrow the
            screen, and with the header stuck to the top the way out never scrolls away.
 
-           Third job, the quiet one: Modal focuses a dialog's first control, and the
-           first control used to be Fold. The APG says to keep initial focus off the
-           destructive choice, and a close button at the top is what puts it there
-           without a special case. Escape finds this one rather than the button at the
-           foot, so Escape closes the sheet while Back steps back inside it. *@
+           Third job, the quiet one: Escape finds this close button rather than the one
+           at the foot, so Escape closes the sheet while Back steps back inside it.
+
+           It used to carry a fourth. Modal focused a dialog's first control and the
+           first control here was Fold, so putting a close button above the list was
+           also what moved the landing spot off the destructive choice. That was the
+           right half of the answer — Roselli is clear that a close button is a landing
+           spot for a sentence, not for a sheet long enough to scroll, where a stray
+           Space dismisses the thing the dealer just opened. The heading below names
+           the spot outright now, and it says which seat. *@
         <div class="seatMenuHeader">
             <div class="seatSheetGrip" aria-hidden="true"></div>
             <div class="seatMenuHeading">
-                <h2 id="seatMenuTitle"></h2>
+                <h2 id="seatMenuTitle" tabindex="-1" data-modal-focus></h2>
                 <span id="seatMenuSubtitle"></span>
             </div>
             <button id="seatMenuCloseBtn" data-modal-close class="seatMenuClose" type="button" aria-label="Close this menu">×</button>
@@ -718,7 +723,12 @@
     <div id="cardPickerSheet" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="cardPickerTitle">
         <div class="seatSheetGrip" aria-hidden="true"></div>
         <div class="cardPickerHeader">
-            <h2 id="cardPickerTitle"></h2>
+            @* Not the first control any more. Modal used to land on whatever came
+               first in here, and what came first in here was Clear: the sheet a
+               dealer opens to write a card down opened on the button that rubs one
+               out. The heading says which seat and which card, which is the thing
+               worth hearing before any of the fifty-two. *@
+            <h2 id="cardPickerTitle" tabindex="-1" data-modal-focus></h2>
             <button id="cardPickerClearBtn" class="holdemBtn holdemBtnSmall" type="button">Clear</button>
             <button id="cardPickerCloseBtn" data-modal-close class="holdemBtn holdemBtnSmall holdemBtnGhost" type="button">Done</button>
         </div>
@@ -745,8 +755,14 @@
     <div id="confirmModal" role="alertdialog" aria-labelledby="confirmTitle" aria-describedby="confirmMessage" tabindex="-1">
         <h2 id="confirmTitle"></h2>
         <p id="confirmMessage"></p>
+        @* The one sheet that lands on a control rather than its heading, and the one
+           where the APG asks for it by name: this is a question with two answers and
+           one of them cannot be taken back, so the dealer starts on the answer that
+           leaves them no worse off. It is short enough to be read at a glance, which is
+           the case where landing on a control is the right thing. Said out loud here
+           rather than left to depend on which button happens to be written first. *@
         <div class="confirmActions">
-            <button id="confirmCancelBtn" data-modal-close class="holdemBtn holdemBtnGhost" type="button">Cancel</button>
+            <button id="confirmCancelBtn" data-modal-close data-modal-focus class="holdemBtn holdemBtnGhost" type="button">Cancel</button>
             <button id="confirmAcceptBtn" class="holdemBtn holdemBtnDanger" type="button">Confirm</button>
         </div>
     </div>
@@ -755,7 +771,7 @@
 <div id="potWizardOverlay" hidden>
     <div id="potWizardModal" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="potWizardTitle">
         <div class="potWizardHeader">
-            <h2 id="potWizardTitle">Resolve the Pot</h2>
+            <h2 id="potWizardTitle" tabindex="-1" data-modal-focus>Resolve the Pot</h2>
             <button id="closePotWizardBtn" data-modal-close class="holdemBtn holdemBtnGhost">✕</button>
         </div>
         <div id="potWizardBody"></div>
diff --git a/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/css/casino/holdem.css b/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/css/casino/holdem.css
index 840e565..6cbf513 100644
--- a/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/css/casino/holdem.css
+++ b/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/css/casino/holdem.css
@@ -5837,7 +5837,10 @@ html {
 .toastClose:focus-visible,
 .potWizardChoice:focus-visible,
 .cardSlot:focus-visible,
-.subPanel summary:focus-visible,
+/* Every summary in the tool, not only the ones nested inside Table Setup. The rulings
+   are twelve of them and the sidebar's panel names are eight more, and until the Tab
+   order could reach a summary at all there was no way to notice they had no ring. */
+summary:focus-visible,
 .seat:focus-visible,
 button:focus-visible,
 [role="button"]:focus-visible,
@@ -5858,6 +5861,22 @@ textarea:focus-visible {
     outline: none;
 }
 
+/* The heading a sheet lands on. It is only ever focused by script, so `:focus` would
+   put a ring around the title of every sheet every time one opened, on a phone that has
+   no keyboard to show a ring for. `:focus-visible` asks the browser the question that
+   actually matters — did this dealer arrive by keyboard — and answers no for a tap.
+   Offset inward: these headings run to the edge of their sheet and an outward ring
+   would be clipped by it.
+
+   Scoped to the headings on purpose: the confirm dialog names a button as its landing
+   spot, and a button already has a ring above, drawn outward the way every other
+   control in the tool draws one. */
+h2[data-modal-focus]:focus-visible {
+    outline: 2px solid #7fc4ff;
+    outline-offset: -2px;
+    border-radius: var(--r-sm);
+}
+
 /* ---------- Fields on a tablet ----------
    The 16px minimum and the 44px touch targets were both written into the phone
    media query, so every iPad size missed them — measured at 768, 834 and 1024 wide,
diff --git a/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/addChips.js b/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/addChips.js
index 1bcdf01..aea1857 100644
--- a/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/addChips.js
+++ b/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/addChips.js
@@ -41,7 +41,17 @@ const AddChips = {
         ];
     },
 
+    // Choosing a preset redraws the three of them so the chosen one can light up, which
+    // meant the button the dealer had just pressed was deleted while it held focus —
+    // and a deleted element doesn't hand focus on, it drops it on the body. Measured:
+    // Space on "Buy-in" left focus nowhere, inside a modal, with the amount changed and
+    // nothing to say so. See Modal.preservingFocus; the key is the amount, because that
+    // is what makes one of these three buttons itself.
     render() {
+        Modal.preservingFocus(document.getElementById("addChipsSheet"), () => this.paint());
+    },
+
+    paint() {
         const player = this.state.seats[this.seatIndex];
         document.getElementById("addChipsTitle").textContent =
             `Add chips — ${HoldemState.displayName(player, this.seatIndex)}`;
@@ -59,6 +69,7 @@ const AddChips = {
             btn.type = "button";
             btn.className = "addChipsQuickBtn";
             btn.classList.toggle("selected", Number(this.draft) === option.value);
+            btn.dataset.focusKey = `quick-${option.value}`;
 
             const label = document.createElement("span");
             label.className = "addChipsQuickLabel";
diff --git a/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/cardPicker.js b/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/cardPicker.js
index 4831f7b..285c3d7 100644
--- a/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/cardPicker.js
+++ b/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/cardPicker.js
@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ const CardPicker = {
         { code: "C", symbol: "♣", red: false },
     ],
 
+    // Which card in the grid the arrows are holding, as a flat index into
+    // RANKS x SUITS. Kept across a redraw so the grid doesn't send the dealer back to
+    // the ace of spades every time they pick something.
+    cursor: 0,
+
     state: null,
     hooks: null,
     // Which set of slots is being filled: a seat's two hole cards, or the five
@@ -30,6 +35,7 @@ const CardPicker = {
         this.target = "seat";
         this.seatIndex = seatIndex;
         this.cardIndex = cardIndex;
+        this.cursor = 0;
         this.render();
         document.getElementById("cardPickerOverlay").hidden = false;
     },
@@ -44,6 +50,7 @@ const CardPicker = {
         this.seatIndex = null;
         this.boardLimit = Math.max(1, Math.min(5, limit));
         this.cardIndex = Math.min(cardIndex, this.boardLimit - 1);
+        this.cursor = 0;
         this.render();
         document.getElementById("cardPickerOverlay").hidden = false;
     },
@@ -138,7 +145,84 @@ const CardPicker = {
         return ["Flop 1", "Flop 2", "Flop 3", "Turn", "River"][slot] || `Card ${slot + 1}`;
     },
 
+    // Every card in the deck, in the order the grid draws them: four suits across,
+    // thirteen ranks down. The arrow keys and the roving tabindex both work in this
+    // order, so it is written once rather than rebuilt by two nested loops that have to
+    // agree.
+    deck() {
+        const cards = [];
+        this.RANKS.forEach(rank => {
+            this.SUITS.forEach(suit => cards.push({ rank, suit, card: `${rank}${suit.code}` }));
+        });
+        return cards;
+    },
+
+    // Where the arrows can actually go. A card already dealt somewhere is a disabled
+    // button, and a disabled button cannot take focus, so stepping has to keep going in
+    // the same direction until it finds one that can — and stay put rather than wrap if
+    // it runs out of grid. Wrapping would put the dealer on a different rank without
+    // them asking to move rank.
+    nextCursor(from, step) {
+        const buttons = [...document.querySelectorAll("#cardPickerGrid .pickerCard")];
+        for (let i = from + step; i >= 0 && i < buttons.length; i += step) {
+            if (!buttons[i].disabled) return i;
+        }
+        return from;
+    },
+
+    // One Tab stop for fifty-two cards.
+    //
+    // Every card used to be its own stop, which made this sheet fifty-six of them:
+    // reaching the seven of clubs meant something like forty presses of the only key
+    // that moves at all without a mouse. The APG's answer for a set of controls like
+    // this is the roving tabindex — one of them is in the Tab order at a time, and the
+    // arrows move between them — so the grid now costs one press to enter and one to
+    // leave, and the arrows bring the row into view on the way, which forty Tab presses
+    // through a scrolling sheet never reliably did.
+    //
+    // No new role is claimed for the container. They are buttons, they announce as
+    // buttons, and the only thing that changed is how far away they are.
+    aimCursor(index, { focus = false } = {}) {
+        const buttons = [...document.querySelectorAll("#cardPickerGrid .pickerCard")];
+        if (!buttons.length) return;
+        const live = buttons[index] && !buttons[index].disabled ? index : this.nextCursor(index, 1);
+        this.cursor = buttons[live] && !buttons[live].disabled ? live : this.nextCursor(index, -1);
+        buttons.forEach((btn, i) => {
+            btn.tabIndex = i === this.cursor && !btn.disabled ? 0 : -1;
+        });
+        if (focus && buttons[this.cursor] && !buttons[this.cursor].disabled) {
+            buttons[this.cursor].focus({ preventScroll: false });
+        }
+    },
+
+    onGridKey(event) {
+        const stride = this.SUITS.length;
+        const step = { ArrowRight: 1, ArrowLeft: -1, ArrowDown: stride, ArrowUp: -stride }[event.key];
+        if (step !== undefined) {
+            event.preventDefault();
+            this.aimCursor(this.nextCursor(this.cursor, step), { focus: true });
+            return;
+        }
+        if (event.key !== "Home" && event.key !== "End") return;
+        event.preventDefault();
+        const count = document.querySelectorAll("#cardPickerGrid .pickerCard").length;
+        this.aimCursor(event.key === "Home" ? this.nextCursor(-1, 1) : this.nextCursor(count, -1), { focus: true });
+    },
+
+    // A redraw is not a reason to lose your place. Every button in here is thrown away
+    // and rebuilt on each one, so whatever held focus was being deleted out from under
+    // the dealer — see Modal.preservingFocus. The card just picked is the one key that
+    // can't come back, because it is a dealt card now: the slot it went into is the
+    // useful place to be instead.
     render() {
+        const sheet = document.getElementById("cardPickerSheet");
+        Modal.preservingFocus(sheet, () => this.paint(), () => {
+            const slot = sheet.querySelector("#cardPickerSlots .pickerSlot.active");
+            if (slot) slot.focus({ preventScroll: true });
+        });
+    },
+
+    paint() {
         const used = this.cardsInUse();
         const values = this.slotValues();
 
@@ -158,6 +242,9 @@ const CardPicker = {
             btn.textContent = value || "—";
             if (this.onBoard()) btn.title = this.boardSlotLabel(slot);
             btn.classList.toggle("cardRed", /[HD]$/i.test(value));
+            // The name this control answers to after a redraw. A slot is always the
+            // same slot — flop 2 stays flop 2 — so its number is the whole of it.
+            btn.dataset.focusKey = `slot-${slot}`;
             btn.addEventListener("click", () => {
                 this.cardIndex = slot;
                 this.render();
@@ -167,38 +254,41 @@ const CardPicker = {
 
         const grid = document.getElementById("cardPickerGrid");
         grid.innerHTML = "";
-        this.RANKS.forEach(rank => {
-            this.SUITS.forEach(suit => {
-                const card = `${rank}${suit.code}`;
-                const takenBy = used.get(card);
+        this.deck().forEach(({ rank, suit, card }) => {
+            const takenBy = used.get(card);
 
-                const btn = document.createElement("button");
-                btn.type = "button";
-                btn.className = "pickerCard";
-                btn.classList.toggle("cardRed", suit.red);
-                btn.disabled = !!takenBy;
-                if (takenBy) {
-                    btn.title = takenBy === "the board"
-                        ? "Already face up on the board"
-                        : `Already dealt to ${takenBy}`;
-                }
-                if ((values[this.cardIndex] || "").toUpperCase() === card) {
-                    btn.classList.add("selected");
-                }
+            const btn = document.createElement("button");
+            btn.type = "button";
+            btn.className = "pickerCard";
+            btn.classList.toggle("cardRed", suit.red);
+            btn.disabled = !!takenBy;
+            btn.dataset.focusKey = card;
+            if (takenBy) {
+                btn.title = takenBy === "the board"
+                    ? "Already face up on the board"
+                    : `Already dealt to ${takenBy}`;
+            }
+            if ((values[this.cardIndex] || "").toUpperCase() === card) {
+                btn.classList.add("selected");
+            }
 
-                const rankEl = document.createElement("span");
-                rankEl.className = "pickerRank";
-                rankEl.textContent = rank;
-                const suitEl = document.createElement("span");
-                suitEl.className = "pickerSuit";
-                suitEl.textContent = suit.symbol;
-                btn.appendChild(rankEl);
-                btn.appendChild(suitEl);
+            const rankEl = document.createElement("span");
+            rankEl.className = "pickerRank";
+            rankEl.textContent = rank;
+            const suitEl = document.createElement("span");
+            suitEl.className = "pickerSuit";
+            suitEl.textContent = suit.symbol;
+            btn.appendChild(rankEl);
+            btn.appendChild(suitEl);
 
-                btn.addEventListener("click", () => this.assign(card));
-                grid.appendChild(btn);
-            });
+            btn.addEventListener("click", () => this.assign(card));
+            btn.addEventListener("keydown", event => this.onGridKey(event));
+            grid.appendChild(btn);
         });
+
+        // Hand the Tab order back exactly one of them. Done after the grid is built,
+        // because which card can hold the cursor depends on which are dealt already.
+        this.aimCursor(this.cursor);
     },
 };
 
diff --git a/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/modal.js b/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/modal.js
index f7aeefc..1184bbf 100644
--- a/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/modal.js
+++ b/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/modal.js
@@ -14,12 +14,24 @@
 const Modal = {
     // `:not([hidden])` matters — a sheet that is itself hidden inside an open overlay
     // must not be a Tab stop.
+    //
+    // `details > summary` is here because a summary is focusable without anyone giving
+    // it a tabindex, and leaving it out was not a small omission. The rulings sheet is
+    // twelve summaries and one Done button; this list saw one control in it, so the Tab
+    // trap below decided Done was both the first stop and the last and bounced every
+    // press straight back to it. Measured: eighty Tab presses, one element ever
+    // reached. Twelve rulings, none of them openable without a mouse.
+    //
+    // `:not([tabindex="-1"])` belongs on every line, not only the last. A control taken
+    // out of the Tab order still matches `button` or `input` — and a roving tabindex,
+    // which is what the card grid runs on now, is fifty-one of them at a time.
     FOCUSABLE: [
-        "a[href]",
-        "button:not([disabled])",
-        'input:not([disabled]):not([type="hidden"])',
-        "select:not([disabled])",
-        "textarea:not([disabled])",
+        'a[href]:not([tabindex="-1"])',
+        'button:not([disabled]):not([tabindex="-1"])',
+        'input:not([disabled]):not([type="hidden"]):not([tabindex="-1"])',
+        'select:not([disabled]):not([tabindex="-1"])',
+        'textarea:not([disabled]):not([tabindex="-1"])',
+        'details > summary:not([tabindex="-1"])',
         '[tabindex]:not([tabindex="-1"])',
     ].join(","),
 
@@ -63,11 +75,22 @@ const Modal = {
 
         this.open.push({ overlay, returnFocus: document.activeElement });
 
-        // Focus the first real control. A dialog that leaves focus on the button
-        // behind it reads, to a screen reader, as though nothing happened at all.
-        // Content-only sheets get focus on the sheet so the title is announced.
+        // Where the sheet puts the dealer when it opens.
+        //
+        // This used to be "the first control", full stop — one answer to a question six
+        // dialogs answer differently, and on the card picker the first control is Clear.
+        // The sheet for writing a card down opened on the button that rubs one out. The
+        // APG's rule is the opposite of that: where an action is hard to take back, land
+        // on the least destructive thing in the dialog.
+        //
+        // So a sheet names its own landing spot with `data-modal-focus`, and on all five
+        // that name one it is the heading. That is Roselli's advice for a dialog with
+        // more in it than a sentence — give the reader a chance to orient — and here it
+        // has a second use, because these headings say *which*: which seat, which card,
+        // which player's chips. A sheet that names nothing still gets the first control,
+        // and a sheet with no controls at all still gets focus on itself.
         const focusable = this.focusableIn(overlay);
-        const target = focusable[0];
+        const target = overlay.querySelector("[data-modal-focus]") || focusable[0];
         if (target) {
             target.focus({ preventScroll: true });
         } else if (sheet) {
@@ -93,6 +116,39 @@ const Modal = {
         }
     },
 
+    // Rebuild part of a sheet without losing the dealer's place in it.
+    //
+    // Emptying the element that currently holds focus does not move focus — it destroys
+    // it, and the browser drops the remains on `<body>`. Measured, on three sheets that
+    // redraw themselves after every tap: choosing a buy-in preset, picking a card,
+    // switching which slot is being filled. All three left focus on the document body,
+    // which inside a modal is nowhere: the next Tab had to be rescued by the wrap above.
+    //
+    // Controls that get rebuilt say who they are with `data-focus-key`, and whoever held
+    // focus is handed back the control with the same name. When that name is gone the
+    // caller is asked instead, because only it knows where the dealer should be next —
+    // the card just picked is a dealt card now, and dealt cards are disabled.
+    preservingFocus(root, rebuild, whenGone) {
+        const active = document.activeElement;
+        const inside = !!(active && root.contains(active));
+        const key = inside ? active.dataset.focusKey : undefined;
+
+        rebuild();
+
+        // Nothing was taken from under the dealer: either they weren't in this sheet, or
+        // the control they were standing on is still standing, and still has them. Only
+        // a rebuild that destroyed the focused element has anything to put right, which
+        // is why Clear — a button in the header that no redraw touches — keeps focus
+        // through a redraw it asked for.
+        if (!inside || active.isConnected) return;
+
+        const again = key === undefined ? null
+            : [...root.querySelectorAll("[data-focus-key]")]
+                .find(el => el.dataset.focusKey === key && !el.disabled);
+        if (again) again.focus({ preventScroll: true });
+        else if (whenGone) whenGone();
+    },
+
     topmost() {
         return this.open.length ? this.open[this.open.length - 1] : null;
     },
@@ -130,12 +186,20 @@ const Modal = {
 
         const first = focusable[0];
         const last = focusable[focusable.length - 1];
-        const active = document.activeElement;
 
-        if (event.shiftKey && (active === first || !top.overlay.contains(active))) {
+        // Where the dealer stands *in the ring*, which is a different question from
+        // where they are on the screen. Three things inside these sheets are on purpose
+        // not in the ring: the heading a sheet lands on, every card in the grid bar the
+        // one the arrows are holding, and — for a moment after a rebuild — nothing at
+        // all, because focus has been dropped on the body. -1 covers all three, and the
+        // wrap has to work from there or the first Shift+Tab off a heading walks out of
+        // the dialog it was supposed to be held inside.
+        const at = focusable.indexOf(document.activeElement);
+
+        if (event.shiftKey && at <= 0) {
             event.preventDefault();
             last.focus({ preventScroll: true });
-        } else if (!event.shiftKey && (active === last || !top.overlay.contains(active))) {
+        } else if (!event.shiftKey && (at === -1 || at === focusable.length - 1)) {
             event.preventDefault();
             first.focus({ preventScroll: true });
         }
diff --git a/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/potWizard.js b/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/potWizard.js
index 7200a8e..3295336 100644
--- a/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/potWizard.js
+++ b/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/potWizard.js
@@ -108,7 +108,25 @@ const PotWizard = {
         requestAnimationFrame(update);
     },
 
+    // Confirming a round replaces the whole step, buttons and all, and the button it
+    // replaces first is the Confirm the dealer just pressed — so on a table with side
+    // pots, paying the main pot dropped focus on the body and the next Tab had to start
+    // over. There is no keeping them where they were here: the control is gone and the
+    // question has changed. The new question is where they should be, so focus lands on
+    // the sentence asking it — "that side pot still leaves $240 unassigned, who's next
+    // best?" — rather than on the button that answers it.
     renderStepInto() {
+        const modal = document.getElementById("potWizardModal");
+        Modal.preservingFocus(modal, () => this.paintStep(), () => {
+            const asking = modal.querySelector("#potWizardBody .potWizardPrompt")
+                || document.getElementById("potWizardTitle");
+            if (!asking) return;
+            asking.tabIndex = -1;
+            asking.focus({ preventScroll: true });
+        });
+    },
+
+    paintStep() {
         // Auto-resolve any round where only one player is left standing — nothing to ask.
         let contenders = PotCalculator.getContenders(this.entries);
         while (contenders.length === 1) {
diff --git a/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/seatMenu.js b/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/seatMenu.js
index 2cdf537..d08152d 100644
--- a/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/seatMenu.js
+++ b/JoshHeaps.Net/wwwroot/js/casino/holdem/seatMenu.js
@@ -191,7 +191,19 @@ const SeatMenu = {
         return el;
     },
 
+    // Stepping into the move picker throws the whole list away, and the first thing it
+    // throws away is the "Move this seat" the dealer just pressed — which left focus on
+    // the body, inside a sheet that had just changed into a different sheet. The
+    // heading is where to be: in move mode it has stopped saying who this is and
+    // started saying what is being asked — "Move Alexandra to…".
     render() {
+        Modal.preservingFocus(document.getElementById("seatMenuOverlay"), () => this.paint(), () => {
+            const title = document.getElementById("seatMenuTitle");
+            if (title) title.focus({ preventScroll: true });
+        });
+    },
+
+    paint() {
         const player = this.state.seats[this.seatIndex];
         const title = document.getElementById("seatMenuTitle");
         const subtitle = document.getElementById("seatMenuSubtitle");
diff --git a/tests/holdem/load.js b/tests/holdem/load.js
index 85a23d1..f11cea5 100644
--- a/tests/holdem/load.js
+++ b/tests/holdem/load.js
@@ -43,6 +43,11 @@ const CardPicker = load("cardPicker");
 // navigator.wakeLock — see wakeLock.test.js.
 const WakeLock = load("wakeLock");
 
+// Modal is DOM behaviour through and through, but two pieces of it answer here: the
+// list of what counts as a Tab stop, which is a string, and preservingFocus, which asks
+// so little of a document that a stand-in can answer it. See theKeyboardInASheet.
+const Modal = load("modal");
+
 // The seat menu's list — which actions a seat is offered and which group each one
 // lands in — is decided before anything is drawn, so actionsFor() answers here. Only
 // render() and open() touch the DOM.
@@ -105,6 +110,7 @@ module.exports = {
     CardPicker,
     WakeLock,
     SeatMenu,
+    Modal,
     makeTable,
     chipsOnTable,
     contributions,
diff --git a/tests/holdem/theKeyboardInASheet.test.js b/tests/holdem/theKeyboardInASheet.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6d5b3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/holdem/theKeyboardInASheet.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+// Where a sheet puts the dealer, and whether they can get anywhere from there.
+//
+// Modal exists because six overlays were each missing the same three things, and it
+// fixed all six at once by answering one question the same way everywhere: focus the
+// first control, and hold Tab between the first and the last. Measured this round, that
+// single answer had gone wrong in three separate directions.
+//
+// It could not see a <summary>. The rulings sheet is twelve of them and one Done
+// button, so the trap decided Done was both ends of the ring and bounced every press
+// back to it: eighty Tab presses, one element ever reached, twelve rulings that could
+// not be opened without a mouse.
+//
+// "The first control" was the card picker's Clear. The sheet a dealer opens to write a
+// card down opened on the button that rubs one out — the one thing the APG says to keep
+// a dialog off. And "the first control" is not an answer six dialogs share: Roselli's
+// rule is that a dialog long enough to scroll should land on its heading so the reader
+// can orient, and a short question with one irreversible answer should land on the
+// answer that leaves them no worse off.
+//
+// And a sheet that redraws itself was deleting the control that held focus. Choosing a
+// buy-in, picking a card, switching slots, confirming a side pot: all four left focus on
+// the document body, which inside a modal is nowhere at all.
+const test = require("node:test");
+const { describe } = require("node:test");
+const assert = require("node:assert");
+const fs = require("fs");
+const path = require("path");
+const { Modal, CardPicker } = require("./load");
+
+const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "JoshHeaps.Net");
+const PAGE = fs.readFileSync(path.join(ROOT, "Pages", "Casino", "TexasHoldem.cshtml"), "utf8");
+const CSS = fs.readFileSync(path.join(ROOT, "wwwroot", "css", "casino", "holdem.css"), "utf8");
+const src = name => fs.readFileSync(
+    path.join(ROOT, "wwwroot", "js", "casino", "holdem", `${name}.js`), "utf8");
+
+// The markup of one overlay, from its opening div to the next one's.
+const OVERLAY_ORDER = ["addChipsOverlay", "rulingsOverlay", "seatMenuOverlay",
+    "cardPickerOverlay", "confirmOverlay", "potWizardOverlay"];
+const overlay = id => {
+    const at = PAGE.indexOf(`<div id="${id}"`);
+    assert.ok(at >= 0, `there is no ${id}`);
+    const ends = OVERLAY_ORDER
+        .map(other => PAGE.indexOf(`<div id="${other}"`, at + 1))
+        .filter(i => i > at);
+    return PAGE.slice(at, ends.length ? Math.min(...ends) : PAGE.length);
+};
+
+// A document small enough to answer the handful of questions these functions ask of
+// one, and honest about the two that matter: a detached node knows it is detached, and
+// a disabled button refuses focus.
+function fakeSheet(specs) {
+    const doc = { activeElement: null };
+    const nodes = specs.map(spec => ({
+        dataset: spec.key === undefined ? {} : { focusKey: spec.key },
+        disabled: !!spec.disabled,
+        isConnected: true,
+        tabIndex: 0,
+        label: spec.key || spec.label,
+        focus() {
+            if (this.disabled) return;
+            doc.activeElement = this;
+        },
+    }));
+    const root = {
+        nodes,
+        contains: el => nodes.includes(el),
+        querySelectorAll: () => nodes.filter(n => n.dataset.focusKey !== undefined),
+    };
+    return { doc, root, nodes };
+}
+
+// preservingFocus and the picker's cursor both reach for the global document. They are
+// given one for the length of a test and it is taken away again afterwards.
+function withDocument(doc, body) {
+    const had = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(globalThis, "document");
+    const before = globalThis.document;
+    globalThis.document = doc;
+    try {
+        return body();
+    } finally {
+        if (had) globalThis.document = before;
+        else delete globalThis.document;
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe("what counts as somewhere you can Tab to", () => {
+    const selectors = Modal.FOCUSABLE.split(",");
+
+    // The whole of the rulings sheet hung on this one omission.
+    test("a summary is a control, because the browser already treats it as one", () => {
+        assert.ok(selectors.some(s => /details\s*>\s*summary/.test(s)),
+            "a <details> summary is focusable without a tabindex, and this list can't see it");
+    });
+
+    // Left off, a card taken out of the Tab order still matches `button`, and the grid
+    // goes back to being fifty-two stops with a roving tabindex painted on top.
+    test("every line excludes what has been taken out of the Tab order, not just the last", () => {
+        selectors.forEach(selector => {
+            assert.ok(/:not\(\[tabindex="-1"\]\)/.test(selector) || /^\s*\[tabindex\]/.test(selector),
+                `\`${selector.trim()}\` still matches controls that are not Tab stops`);
+        });
+    });
+
+    test("and the sheet itself is still off the list", () => {
+        assert.ok(/\[tabindex\]:not\(\[tabindex="-1"\]\)/.test(Modal.FOCUSABLE));
+    });
+});
+
+describe("where each sheet lands the dealer", () => {
+    const LANDS_ON_ITS_HEADING = [
+        ["cardPickerOverlay", "cardPickerTitle"],
+        ["addChipsOverlay", "addChipsTitle"],
+        ["rulingsOverlay", "rulingsTitle"],
+        ["potWizardOverlay", "potWizardTitle"],
+        ["seatMenuOverlay", "seatMenuTitle"],
+    ];
+
+    LANDS_ON_ITS_HEADING.forEach(([id, heading]) => {
+        test(`${id} opens on the line that says which`, () => {
+            const markup = overlay(id);
+            const tag = markup.match(new RegExp(`<h2 id="${heading}"[^>]*>`));
+            assert.ok(tag, `${heading} is not an h2 in ${id}`);
+            assert.match(tag[0], /data-modal-focus/);
+            assert.match(tag[0], /tabindex="-1"/,
+                "a heading that is a Tab stop is a Tab stop the dealer has to press past");
+        });
+    });
+
+    // The APG's own example of when to land on a control rather than a heading, and the
+    // reason: one of the two answers cannot be taken back.
+    test("the confirm dialog is the exception, and it lands on Cancel", () => {
+        const markup = overlay("confirmOverlay");
+        const cancel = markup.match(/<button id="confirmCancelBtn"[^>]*>/);
+        assert.ok(cancel);
+        assert.match(cancel[0], /data-modal-focus/);
+        assert.ok(!/<button id="confirmAcceptBtn"[^>]*data-modal-focus/.test(markup),
+            "the dialog lands on the answer that cannot be taken back");
+    });
+
+    test("no sheet names two landing spots, which would be a coin toss", () => {
+        OVERLAY_ORDER.forEach(id => {
+            const found = (overlay(id).match(/data-modal-focus/g) || []).length;
+            assert.equal(found, 1, `${id} names ${found} landing spots`);
+        });
+    });
+
+    test("the card picker no longer opens on Clear", () => {
+        const markup = overlay("cardPickerOverlay");
+        assert.ok(markup.indexOf('id="cardPickerTitle"') < markup.indexOf('id="cardPickerClearBtn"'),
+            "the heading has moved below the button it was there to keep focus off");
+        assert.ok(!/id="cardPickerClearBtn"[^>]*data-modal-focus/.test(markup));
+    });
+
+    // The landing spot is deliberately outside the ring, and a wrap that only knows
+    // "is this the first one" walks straight out of the dialog on the first Shift+Tab.
+    test("the trap wraps from outside the ring as well as from its ends", () => {
+        const modal = src("modal");
+        const at = modal.indexOf("const at = focusable.indexOf(");
+        assert.ok(at >= 0, "the Tab trap no longer asks where the dealer is in the ring");
+        const body = modal.slice(at, modal.indexOf("\n    },", at));
+        assert.match(body, /shiftKey && at <= 0/);
+        assert.match(body, /at === -1/);
+    });
+});
+
+describe("a redraw that does not drop the dealer", () => {
+    test("focus comes back to the control with the same name", () => {
+        const { doc, root, nodes } = fakeSheet([
+            { key: "quick-500" }, { key: "quick-1000" }, { key: "quick-2000" }]);
+        doc.activeElement = nodes[1];
+
+        withDocument(doc, () => Modal.preservingFocus(root, () => {
+            // What a rebuild does: the old buttons go, identical new ones arrive.
+            nodes.forEach(n => { n.isConnected = false; });
+            root.nodes = root.querySelectorAll = null;
+            const rebuilt = fakeSheet([{ key: "quick-500" }, { key: "quick-1000" }, { key: "quick-2000" }]);
+            rebuilt.nodes.forEach(n => { n.focus = () => { doc.activeElement = n; }; });
+            root.querySelectorAll = () => rebuilt.nodes;
+            root.contains = el => rebuilt.nodes.includes(el);
+        }));
+
+        assert.equal(doc.activeElement.dataset.focusKey, "quick-1000");
+    });
+
+    // The card just picked is a dealt card now, and a dealt card is a disabled button.
+    // There is no coming back to it, so the caller is asked where to go instead.
+    test("a name that comes back disabled hands the decision to the caller", () => {
+        const { doc, root, nodes } = fakeSheet([{ key: "AS" }, { key: "KH" }]);
+        doc.activeElement = nodes[0];
+        let asked = false;
+
+        withDocument(doc, () => Modal.preservingFocus(root, () => {
+            nodes[0].isConnected = false;
+            nodes[0].disabled = true;
+        }, () => { asked = true; }));
+
+        assert.ok(asked, "focus was left on the body of a modal");
+    });
+
+    test("and a name that is simply gone asks too", () => {
+        const { doc, root, nodes } = fakeSheet([{ key: "confirm" }]);
+        doc.activeElement = nodes[0];
+        let asked = false;
+
+        withDocument(doc, () => Modal.preservingFocus(root, () => {
+            nodes[0].isConnected = false;
+            root.querySelectorAll = () => [];
+        }, () => { asked = true; }));
+
+        assert.ok(asked);
+    });
+
+    // Clear is in the header. Nothing rebuilds it, so nothing should move it — a redraw
+    // the dealer asked for is not a reason to take them somewhere else.
+    test("a control that survived the redraw is left exactly where it was", () => {
+        const { doc, root, nodes } = fakeSheet([{ label: "Clear" }, { key: "AS" }]);
+        doc.activeElement = nodes[0];
+        let asked = false;
+
+        withDocument(doc, () => Modal.preservingFocus(root, () => {
+            nodes[1].isConnected = false;
+        }, () => { asked = true; }));
+
+        assert.equal(doc.activeElement, nodes[0]);
+        assert.ok(!asked);
+    });
+
+    test("and a dealer who was never in this sheet is not dragged into it", () => {
+        const { doc, root } = fakeSheet([{ key: "AS" }]);
+        const elsewhere = { dataset: {}, isConnected: true };
+        doc.activeElement = elsewhere;
+        let asked = false;
+
+        withDocument(doc, () => Modal.preservingFocus(root, () => {}, () => { asked = true; }));
+
+        assert.equal(doc.activeElement, elsewhere);
+        assert.ok(!asked);
+    });
+
+    // Four sheets redraw themselves on a tap. All four go through this now, and each
+    // one hands over the piece of itself it is about to throw away.
+    [["addChips", "render()", "addChipsSheet"],
+     ["cardPicker", "render()", "cardPickerSheet"],
+     ["seatMenu", "render()", "seatMenuOverlay"],
+     ["potWizard", "renderStepInto()", "potWizardModal"]].forEach(([module, method, root]) => {
+        test(`${module}'s ${method} redraws through it`, () => {
+            const text = src(module);
+            const at = text.indexOf(`\n    ${method} {`);
+            assert.ok(at >= 0, `${module} has no ${method}`);
+            const body = text.slice(at, text.indexOf("\n    },", at));
+            assert.match(body, /Modal\.preservingFocus\(/,
+                `${module} rebuilds its controls without saying what to do about focus`);
+            assert.ok(body.includes(`"${root}"`),
+                `${module} hands preservingFocus something other than ${root}`);
+        });
+    });
+});
+
+describe("fifty-two cards, one Tab stop", () => {
+    test("the deck is the grid's order, written once", () => {
+        const deck = CardPicker.deck();
+        assert.equal(deck.length, 52);
+        assert.equal(new Set(deck.map(c => c.card)).size, 52);
+        // Four suits across, thirteen ranks down — which is what the arrow keys step by.
+        assert.deepEqual(deck.slice(0, 4).map(c => c.card), ["AS", "AH", "AD", "AC"]);
+        assert.equal(deck[4].card, "KS");
+        assert.equal(deck[51].card, "2C");
+    });
+
+    const grid = keys => keys.map(key => ({
+        dataset: { focusKey: key.replace("!", "") },
+        disabled: key.includes("!"),
+        tabIndex: 0,
+        focus() {},
+    }));
+
+    const withGrid = (cards, body) => {
+        const nodes = grid(cards);
+        return withDocument({ querySelectorAll: () => nodes }, () => body(nodes));
+    };
+
+    test("a step lands on a card that can actually take focus", () => {
+        // 7C is dealt, so stepping down the clubs from the eight has to pass over it.
+        withGrid(["8C", "7C!", "6C"], () => {
+            assert.equal(CardPicker.nextCursor(0, 1), 2);
+        });
+    });
+
+    test("and keeps going as far as it has to", () => {
+        withGrid(["AS", "KS!", "QS!", "JS!", "TS"], () => {
+            assert.equal(CardPicker.nextCursor(0, 1), 4);
+        });
+    });
+
+    // Wrapping would answer "move me down one rank" by moving the dealer to a different
+    // suit, which is not what they asked and not where they would look.
+    test("the edge of the grid is the edge, not a way round to the other side", () => {
+        withGrid(["AS", "AH", "AD", "AC"], () => {
+            assert.equal(CardPicker.nextCursor(3, 1), 3);
+            assert.equal(CardPicker.nextCursor(0, -1), 0);
+        });
+    });
+
+    test("only one card is in the Tab order at a time", () => {
+        withGrid(["AS", "AH", "AD", "AC"], nodes => {
+            CardPicker.aimCursor(2);
+            assert.deepEqual(nodes.map(n => n.tabIndex), [-1, -1, 0, -1]);
+        });
+    });
+
+    // Which happens after every pick: the cursor is sitting on a card that has just
+    // become a dealt card.
+    test("a cursor left on a dealt card moves to one that can hold it", () => {
+        withGrid(["AS!", "AH", "AD", "AC"], nodes => {
+            CardPicker.aimCursor(0);
+            assert.equal(CardPicker.cursor, 1);
+            assert.deepEqual(nodes.map(n => n.tabIndex), [-1, 0, -1, -1]);
+        });
+    });
+
+    test("and looks backwards when there is nothing left ahead of it", () => {
+        withGrid(["2S", "2H", "2D!", "2C!"], () => {
+            CardPicker.aimCursor(3);
+            assert.equal(CardPicker.cursor, 1);
+        });
+    });
+
+    test("the arrows step by a row of suits, not by a guess", () => {
+        const picker = src("cardPicker");
+        const at = picker.indexOf("onGridKey(event)");
+        assert.ok(at >= 0, "the grid has no arrow keys");
+        const body = picker.slice(at, picker.indexOf("\n    },", at));
+        assert.match(body, /const stride = this\.SUITS\.length/);
+        assert.match(body, /ArrowRight: 1.*ArrowLeft: -1.*ArrowDown: stride.*ArrowUp: -stride/s);
+        assert.match(body, /"Home"/);
+        assert.match(body, /"End"/);
+    });
+
+    test("a fresh sheet starts at the top of the deck", () => {
+        const picker = src("cardPicker");
+        ["open(state, hooks, seatIndex, cardIndex) {", "openBoard(state, hooks, cardIndex, limit = 5) {"]
+            .forEach(signature => {
+                const at = picker.indexOf(signature);
+                assert.ok(at >= 0, `there is no \`${signature}\``);
+                assert.match(picker.slice(at, picker.indexOf("this.render();", at)), /this\.cursor = 0;/);
+            });
+    });
+});
+
+describe("seeing where you are", () => {
+    // Until a summary could be Tabbed to at all, there was no way to notice that
+    // twenty of them had no ring.
+    test("a summary gets the tool's own focus ring, not the browser's", () => {
+        const at = CSS.indexOf("---------- Keyboard focus ----------");
+        assert.ok(at >= 0);
+        const block = CSS.slice(at, CSS.indexOf("outline: 2px solid #7fc4ff", at));
+        assert.match(block, /(^|\n)summary:focus-visible,/);
+    });
+
+    // Only script ever focuses these, so `:focus` would ring the title of every sheet
+    // on a phone that has no keyboard to ring it for.
+    test("the landing heading rings for a keyboard and stays quiet for a thumb", () => {
+        const at = CSS.indexOf('h2[data-modal-focus]:focus-visible {');
+        assert.ok(at >= 0, "the heading a sheet lands on shows nothing when it takes focus");
+        const rule = CSS.slice(at, CSS.indexOf("}", at));
+        assert.match(rule, /outline: 2px solid #7fc4ff/);
+        // These headings run to the edge of their sheet; an outward ring is clipped.
+        assert.match(rule, /outline-offset: -2px/);
+        assert.ok(!/\[data-modal-focus\]:focus\b(?!-)/.test(CSS),
+            "a plain :focus rule would ring the title on every tap");
+    });
+});